Japanese Imperialism: "Nara Period, 715 - 806 AD"
Japanese Imperialism
Japanese Past Imperialism after the pre-historic period is divided into 5 different periods, The Nara Period (715-806 AD), The Heian Period (806-1198 AD), The Kamakura Period (1183 AD - 1334 CE), the Nonboku-Chou Period (1334-1412 CE), The Muromachi Period (1412-1586 CE)
The Nara Period
In the Nara period, there were a couple of Eras that were ruled by different emperors.
Empress Gensho
Empress Gensho was the 44th Monarch of Japan, Empress Gensho was the fifth of eight women to take the role of Emperor Regnant, and the only one in the history of Japan who inherited her title from another woman Empress rather than a male.
Gensho a.k.a Hidaka-Hime was born in 680 DA, Asuka Period. She ruled the Empire from October 3, 715 - March 3, 714.
Empress Gensho ruled for over 2 eras that are; the Reiki era (715-717) and the Yoro era (717-724)
1. "The Reiki Era"
The beginning of the Reiki era is to remark the reign of the new Empress, Empress Gensho. the previous era ended and created the name for the new era, Reiki.The Reiki era lasted around 3 years, from 715 - 717 AD
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imine) was not clearly known, but he was known as Oshi-hiraki Toyosakura-hiko-no-mikoto. Shōmu was the son of Emperor Monmu and Fujiwara no Miyako, a daughter of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Shōmu had four Empresses and six Imperial sons and daughters.
2. "The Yoro Era"
after Reiki and before Jinki. This period spanned the years from November 717 through February 724. The reigning empress was Genshō-tennōYoro Era lasted around 8 years, from 717 - 724 AD
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Reiki 3, on the 17th day of the 11th month of 717.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Reiki 3, on the 17th day of the 11th month of 717.
Emperor Shomu
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imine) was not clearly known, but he was known as Oshi-hiraki Toyosakura-hiko-no-mikoto. Shōmu was the son of Emperor Monmu and Fujiwara no Miyako, a daughter of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Shōmu had four Empresses and six Imperial sons and daughters.Shomu was born on September 22, 701 – June 4, 756, he was the 45th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the Nara period.
Reign of Emperor Shomu lasted for 3 eras, Jinki era(724-729), Tenpyo era(729-749) and Tenpyo-Kanpo era(Tenpyo-Kanpo era only lasted for only 4 months)
1. "The Jinki Era"
This period spanned the years from February 724 through August 729. The reigning emperor was Shōmu-tennō
The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Yōrō 8, on the 4th day of the 2nd month of 724. The new era name meant "Sacred Tortoise".
2. "The Tenpyo Era"
after Jinki and before Tenpyō-kanpō. This period spanned the years from August 729 through April 749. The reigning emperor was Shōmu-tennōThe new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jinki 6, on the 5th day of the 8th month of 729.
3. "The Tenpyo-Kanpo Era"
after Tenpyō and before Tenpyō-shōhō. This period spanned mere months, April through July 749. The reigning emperor was Shōmu-tennō
The new era name Tenpyō-kanpō is not found in some chronologies because its duration was so limited to four months during the last year of Shōmu's reign. The previous era ended and this new one commenced in Tenpyō 21, on the 14th day of the 4th month of 749. At some point shortly thereafter, the emperor determined to abdicate. Shōmu became the first emperor who renounced his throne to take the tonsure as a Buddhist monk. His wife, Empress Kōmyō, followed her husband's example by entering holy orders as well. Shōmu's reign and this era ended simultaneously. Also at this same time, the former Emperor Shōmu began a new phase of his life and Shōmu's daughter began her reign.
Empress Koken
The daughter of Emperor Shōmu, Empress Kōken succeeded to the throne at the age of 31, following her father's renunciation. She first reigned from 749 to 758. During this period, the government was heavily influenced by her mother, the former empress consort Kōmyō, and the latter's nephew, Fujiwara no Nakamaro. She was eventually replaced on the throne by her relative, Emperor Junnin, whose rule was a continuation of Nakamaro's regime. During the intermediate period of her reigns, the retired empress Kōken is said to have become close to a monk without a noble background, named Dōkyō, by 762. Their precise relationship remains a mystery, although there is a common version that it was romantic. The retired empress had taken Buddhist oaths and became a nun, but retained a decisive role in politics. After Kōmyō's death in July 760, the growing power struggle between Kōken's and Nakamaro's opposing factions became increasingly inevitable.
The Reign of Empress Koken lasted for two eras. Tenpyo-Shoho (749 - 757), Tenpyo-Hoji (757 - 765), Tenpyo-Jingo (765 - 767), Jingo-Keiun (767-770)
1. "Tenpyō-kanpō Era"
after Tenpyō-kanpō and before Tenpyō-hōji. This period spanned the years from July 749 through August 757.
The new era name of Tenpyō-shōhō (meaning "Heavenly Peace and Victorious Treasure") was created to mark the accession of Empress Kōken. Shortly after Tenpyō-kanpō was initially proclaimed, Shōmu renounced the throne, thus becoming the first emperor to take the tonsure as a Buddhist monk. Shōmu's reign and the Tenpyō-kanpō era ended simultaneously as he began a new phase of his life. The previous era ended after a mere four months, and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-kanpō 1, on the 2nd day of the 7th month of 749
2. "Tenpyō-shōhō Era"
after Tenpyō-shōhō and before Tenpyō-jingo. This period spanned the years from August 757 through January 765. who was a mere figurehead while authority was in the hands of Fujiwara no Nakamaro and during the later years of the era increasingly with retired Empress Kōken and the monk Dōkyō.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-shōhō 9, on the 2nd day of the 8th month.
3. "Tenpyō-Jingo Era"
after Tenpyō-hōji and before Jingo-keen. This period spanned the years from January 765 through August 767. The reigning empress was Empress Shōtoku. This was the same woman who had reigned previously as Empress Kōken.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-hōji 9, on the 7th day of the 1st month of 765.
4. "Jingo-Keiun Era"
after Tenpyō-jingo and before Hōki. This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-jingo 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.
Emperor Kōnin
The personal name of Emperor Kōnin (imina) was Shirakabe (白壁). As a son of Imperial Prince Shiki and a grandson of Emperor Tenji,[5] his formal style was Prince Shirakabe. Initially, he was not in line for succession, as Emperor Tenmu and his branch held the throne.
He married Imperial Princess Inoe, a daughter of Emperor Shōmu, producing a daughter and a son. After his sister-in-law Empress Shōtoku died, he was named her heir. The high courtiers claimed the empress had left her will in a letter in which she had appointed him as her successor. Before this, he had been considered a gentleman without political ambition.
Kōnin had five wives and seven Imperial sons and daughters
1. "Hoki Era"
after Jingo-keen and before Ten'ō. This period spanned the years from October 770 through January 781.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jingo-keiun 4, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 770.
Emperor Kanmu
was the 50th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Kammu reigned from 781 to 806, and it was during his reign that the scope of the emperor's powers reached its peak
Kammu's personal name (imina) was Yamabe (山部). He was the eldest son of Prince Shirakabe (later known as Emperor Kōnin) and was born before Shirakabe's ascension to the throne. According to the Shoku Nihongi (続日本紀), Yamabe's mother, Yamato no Niigasa (later called Takano no Niigasa), was a 10th generation descendant of Muryeong of Baekje (462-523).
After his father became emperor, Kammu's half-brother, Prince Osabe was appointed to the rank of crown prince. His mother was Princess Inoe, a daughter of Emperor Shōmu; but instead of Osabe, it was Kammu who was later named to succeed their father.
The Reign of Emperor Kanmu ruled for over 2 eras.
1. "Ten'ō Era"
after Hōki and before Enryaku. This period lasted from January 781 through August 782.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Hōki 12, on the 1st day of the 1st month of 781
2. "Enryaku Era"
after Ten'ō and before Daidō. This period spanned the years from August 782 through May 806.
The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Ten'ō 2, on the 19th day of the 8th month of 782.
Source: Wikipedia
Publisher : M. Yasin Abqary
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